Presentation attack detection - PAD

ISO 30107 PAD definition is - “automated discrimination between bona-fide presentations and biometric presentation attacks.”

A presentation attack is a deliberate attempt to mimic an individual's biometric characteristic at the biometric sensor. Biometric data can be obtained directly from a person, online, or through existing databases and then used to create artefacts  to mount an attack on a biometric system. Artefacts can be physical or digital objects.

The presentation of a biometric artefact (e.g. a facial image,video or deepfake of a person; or a gelatin fingerprint overlay) to a biometric sensor can be detected by methods broadly referred to as presentation attack detection (PAD). 

Independent PAD testing assesses how effective a system is in detecting presentation attack attempts.

Liveness 

ISO 30107 liveness detection definition is - measurement and analysis of anatomical characteristics or involuntary or voluntary reactions in order to determine whether a biometric sample is being captured from a living subject present at the point of capture

ISO notes that - “Liveness detection methods are a subset of presentation attack detection methods.”

The Biometric Institute liveness definition is - The specific detection of whether a sensor is viewing a live biometric – as opposed to a recording, picture, or another non-living spoof – is commonly known as liveness.”